Article 19 protects the freedom of speech and expression, and also the freedom to assemble, form associations and move freely.
Freedom of speech and expression
- Citizens can express their views, opinions, and beliefs through speech, writing, printing, or other means
- This includes the freedom of the press, to demonstrate, and to picket
- However, the state can impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of:
- Sovereignty and integrity of India
- Security of the state
- Friendly relations with foreign states
- Public order, decency, or morality
- Contempt of court
- Defamation
- Incitement to an offense
Other rights protected by Article 19
- The right to assemble peacefully and without arms
- The right to form associations or unions or co-operative societies
- The right to move freely throughout the territory of India
- The right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
- The right to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business
Article 19(1) of the Constitution also guarantees the right to know how the government works.