Article 19 protects the freedom of speech and expression, and also the freedom to assemble, form associations and move freely. 

Freedom of speech and expression

  • Citizens can express their views, opinions, and beliefs through speech, writing, printing, or other means 
  • This includes the freedom of the press, to demonstrate, and to picket 
  • However, the state can impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of:
    • Sovereignty and integrity of India 
    • Security of the state 
    • Friendly relations with foreign states 
    • Public order, decency, or morality 
    • Contempt of court 
    • Defamation 
    • Incitement to an offense 

Other rights protected by Article 19 

  • The right to assemble peacefully and without arms
  • The right to form associations or unions or co-operative societies
  • The right to move freely throughout the territory of India
  • The right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
  • The right to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business

Article 19(1) of the Constitution also guarantees the right to know how the government works. 

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